Sghl su p erio r g le n o h u m e ra l lig a m e n t, m g h l m id d le g le n o h u m e ra l lig am en t. Identify abnormal biomechanics of the shoulder and how dysfunction disrupts function at varying stages of motion. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. This joint works similar to the way a pestle glides in a mortar or a golf ball fits on a tee. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 83,901 views. The kinetic chain can be described as a series of joint movements, that make up a larger movement. Injuries to the shoulder result from overuse, extremes of motion, and excessive forces.
Helps to stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula 16. Glenohumeral ligaments static ligamentous restraints in different arm positions. It is important to reevaluate functional mechanics before and after each treatment intervention. At 60 of abduction, the downward short rotator force was maximal at 9. There is a fine balance between the mobility to perform athletic activities and stability required to power and stabilise the arm. Relationships between the humerus and scapula are particularly apparent in successful gymnastics performance. The video trails, superimposed when analyzed by motion analysis software, show clearly the difference between the. Elbow biomechanics kinematics together with the shoulder, the elbow acts to position the hand in space. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder journal of hand therapy.
Biomechanical relationships within the shoulder joint by william cornelius, ph. Gray institute video library biomechanics shoulder. Glenohumeral joint anatomy, stabilizer, and biomechanics. In order to better understand the biomechanics of the shoulder it is important to understand its anatomy.
The surface ratio of the glenoid and humeral head was 1. Shoulder problems, glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff dysfunction. Introduction the shoulder is composed of 3 synovial joints. T he capsule of the glenohum eral joint has a large volum e of norm ally about 10 to 15 m l and tw ice the surface area of the hum eral headyo o n the inside, it is covered with s y n. Many of its ailments, including the most common ones, involve biomechanical mechanisms that are unique to the shoulder. Shoulder girdle permits largest rom of any complex in the body shoulder girdle increases rom with less compromise of stability scapulohumeral rhythm 4 joints vs. As a consequence, less muscle and ligament force is required to bear the upper part of the body figure 2. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint jama surgery jama network. Shoulder impingement is a common condition believed to contribute to the development or progression of rotator cuff disease michener et al. It is capable of moving in more than 16,000 positions.
Apr 22, 2014 the glenohumeral joint is the articulation that primarily endows the shoulder with its huge range of movement, but this is achieved by trading off inherent stability. Biomechanics of the shoulder complex flashcards quizlet. Chapter 5 the shoulder joint manual of structural kinesiology r. The purpose of this manuscript is to identify recent advances in understanding of normal and abnormal biomechanics of the shoulder as related to rehabilitation of shoulder impingement. Shoulder instability biomechanics shoulderdoc by prof. Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral. Whether it is a standard or anatomical shoulder replacement, or a reverse total shoulder replacement, i noticed many clinicians feel intimidated when treating a patient who has recently undergone total shoulder replacement surgery. The biomechanics related to this aspect deals with angular motion, in this case, the motion of the arm around the shoulder joint. A n a t o m y a n d b io m e c h a n ic s o f t h e s h o u l d e r 161 f ig u re 2. Basic biomechanics syllabus 2003 university of oregon. However, there is also a rotational component as the joints of the leg lock to support the body weight on each side.
Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint. Scapulothoracic muscles the stability of the glenohumeral joint is also affected by the large muscles acting away from the shoulder joint itself. Mans shoulder is moderately specialized sternum, a flat, fairly wide scapula with a from the. Deltoid force was maximal with the arm abducted 90, and was calculated to be 8. Though the shoulder joint was rotated more externally for females than males in the cocking.
What to expect after total shoulder replacement surgery. Which muscle is a powerful defense to the front of the shoulderjoint, preventing displacement of the head of the humerus. Summary mans girdle s the general of his treeswinging ancestors, with of the posture, thorax has from anteriorposterior. Basic statics and joint mechanics elbow, shoulder, spine, hip, knee, ankle. Running mainly uses sagittal movements as the arms and legs move forwards. A force couple is defined as two equal but oppositely directed forces acting simultaneously on opposite sides of an axis that generates rotation. Note that because of the broad multidisciplinary nature of the course. Athletes often incur injuries of the shoulder as they subject the joint to extreme ranges of motion and force, as well as excessive repetitions of these motions 2. It discusses bones, ligaments, muscles and other structures that make up the shoulder joint. Biomechanics and assessment of the painful shoulder. Dec 28, 2015 normal shoulder joint biomechanics orthopaedic surgery department. Jospt janlfeb 1985 biomechanics of the shoulder figure lb the right scapula. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 85,835 views. Basic biomechanics is a first course in undergraduate biomechanics that provides background in muskuloskeletal anatomy and.
Lennard funk the shoulder is potentially one of the most unstable joints of the body, with very little bony stability or containment and has been likened to a golf ball on a golf tee. Manipulation with shoulder dysfunction manual techniques for the shoulder. Biomechanics of the shoulder and elbow sciencedirect. Understand the normal biomechanics of the shoulder. To make the subject at once comprehensive and relevant to the clinician, the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are dealt with first. Abduction abduction requires external rotation to clear the greater tuberosity from impinging on the acromion. Chapter 6 biomechanics of the shoulder eiji itoi, md, phd, bernard f. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint implant surgery. Choose from 500 different sets of biomechanics shoulder flashcards on quizlet. Introduction shoulder joint gh joint has more mobility than stability. These changes may affect the biomechanics of the shoulder and alter the shoulder joint inducing loss of power and pain according to the underlaying pathology. Dont wait until later to see if your treatment affected the.
What to expect after total shoulder replacement surgery rehab u. Biomechanics of shoulder complex linkedin slideshare. The complexity of shoulder mechanics combined with the movement of skin relative to the scapula makes it difficult to measure shoulder kinematics with sufficient accuracy to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Instability of the glenohumeral joint the shoulder system provides a wide range of motion, to the detriment of stability. Oct 16, 2016 introduction the shoulder is composed of 3 synovial joints. The most common shoulder problem for which professional help is sought out for is shoulder impingement haig 1996. Learn biomechanics shoulder with free interactive flashcards. Anatomy and biomechanics of the pelvis clinical gate. Analyze overall mechanical effects on shoulder during movement. The glenohumeral joint is what the layman and many in the healthcare field think of as the shoulder joint. Click download or read online button to get the biomechanics of reverse shoulder arthroplasty book now. Because of the multiple joints involved during shoulder movement, it is. Associate professor of education, university of north texas the shoulder joint consists primarily of the glenoid fossa of the scapula and humeral head.
Class attendance is expected and strongly encouraged. The shoulder, being the most mobile joint of the human body, is highly susceptible to injury 1. This chapter concentrates on the physiological range of motion and the different stabilizing and anatomical aspects of the shoulder. Because of its component parts, a description of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex is rather involved. The glenohumeral joint will be the primary subject of our attention. Threedimensional muscular model of the shoulder system 5. Compared to the shoulder, which has a large range of motion in all three axes of rotation, elbow range of motion is relatively constrained. A thickening of m iddle layer reinforces the axillary pouch. The glenohumeral joint motion is a result of a complex interplay between the passive and active stabilizers that require intricate balance and synchronicity.
Moreover, it is estimated that only 25% of the humeral head articulates with the. Request pdf biomechanics of the shoulder the glenohumeral gh joint has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the human body. The glenohumeral joint shoulder joint is the most moveable joint in the body. A total shoulder limitation motion, to slightly of humem i head if rotator with a prosthesis. This chapter addresses the anatomy and biomechanics, especially the recently acquired knowledge, pertaining to diagnoses and treatments frequently encountered by the shoulder surgeon. To effectively rehabilitate a shoulder injury in clinical practice, it is important to have a functional knowledge of the underlying biomechanics of the. The mcl can be evaluated on a supine patient with the shoulder in abduction and external rotation and the elbow at 90. In other words, the glenoid surface with the labrum attached is approximately one third the humeral head surface, and it is approximately one fourth the humeral head surface without the labrum.
The most common joint replacement we saw in our specialty clinic was the total shoulder replacement. Pdf balancing mobility and stability, the biomechanics of the shoulder provides. Identify the correct motion within the plane of the scapula when assessing and treating the shoulder. It is often referred to as the shoulder joint and is ligamentously lax. Normal shoulder joint biomechanics orthopaedic surgery department. Sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook. A number of impingement categories have been identified including subacromial impingement or external impingement. Shoulder biomechanics lecture originally developed by bryan morrison, ph. The loosepacked positions allow for better joint lubrication, less frictional forces on the joint sur faces, and more freedom of movement through combined joint surface spin, roll, and slide. Which muscle is a powerful defense to the front of the shoulder joint, preventing displacement of the head of the humerus. More than a glenohumeral joint, the shoulder complex consists of four joints and.
Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. In this article, we describe the basic knowledge about shoulder biomechanics, which is thought to be useful for shoulder surgeons to perform surgeries, and introduce our recent experiment data and latest biomechanics information. Appreciating and understanding the anatomy and functional biomechanics of the shoulder joint we are excited to announce that gray institute will be available as an online self study or live format in. Although this joint is considered a ball humerus and socket glenoid joint, the socket covers only onequarter of the humeral head. Wide range of motion of the shoulder joint in many different. Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. Ig h l c in ferio r g le n o h u m e ra llig am en t co m p lex. The shoulder area is infamously known to be one of the most complex regions of the body to evaluate and rehabilitate.
The glenohumeral joint is the articulation that primarily endows the shoulder with its huge range of movement, but this is achieved by trading off inherent stability. C ontrary to the anterior joint capsule, the posterior is quite thin. May 31, 2018 the most common joint replacement we saw in our specialty clinic was the total shoulder replacement. To facilitate the treatment and rehabilitation of shoulder injuries, this chapter delves into the biomechanics of the baseball throw, including the different phases of throwing, the most common causes of injury, and the tissues involved. The latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major, and del. Bio mechanics of the shoulder free download as powerpoint presentation. The humeral head is a sphere in 90% of people, with an average radius of curvature in the coronal plane of 24 mm range 1928 mm.
The biomechanics of the shoulder is how the shoulder moves, as. Pdf biomechanical basis of common shoulder problems. Because of the multiple joints involved during shoulder movement, it is prudent to refer to the area as the shoulder complex. Mar 30, 2016 the shoulder consists of two force couples. Please read the section on basic shoulder anatomy before reading this section. Shoulder biomechanics and exercises medbridge blog.
Flexionextension the normal range of elbow motion in. Biomechanics of the shoulder complex look at how the entire shoulder complex moves and start to get a feel for where the restrictions are and where they compensate. A biomechanical model of the scapulothoracic joint to. Review anatomy of shoulder complex and its function. To make the subject at once comprehensive and relevant to the clinician, the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular. Only sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. The shoulder is the most complex joint in the body. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The glenohumeral joint itself has to be positioned and stabilised in relation to the trunk by the scapulothoracic joint, which functions by suspension of the scapula from the. This paper was presented at the 1 st congress of asiapacific knee, arthroscopy and sports medicine society in april. In mechanics, a couple is a system of forces that results in a moment without a resultant force and creates a. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint jama surgery jama.
This puts greater demands on the muscles for securing the shoulder girdle. The shoulder is an intricate multidimensional joint complex consisting of four separate connection points of bones responsible for the movement of the hand, arm and shoulder. Multibody skeletal models can improve motion capture accuracy by reducing the space of possible joint movements, and models are used widely to improve. More than a glenohumeral joint, the shoulder complex consists of four joints and numerous muscles and ligaments. Shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. Jan 04, 2017 shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. Balancing mobility and stability, the biomechanics of the shoulder provides optimal use of the thumb and hand. There is also an element of counter pelvic rotation as. In particular, contributions of sternoclavicular sc and ac joint motions to overall scapulothoracic st motion during arm elevation will be discussed. Morrey, md, kainan an, phd because of its component parts, a description of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex is rather involved. Though the shoulder joint was rotated more externally for females than males in the cocking phase, the upperarm of the male was externally rotated rapidly and the absolute value of the external rotation of shoulder was larger than that for female group just before ball release. Biomechanics of the shoulder research paper 694 words. The head of the humerus upper arm bone is shaped like a ball that fits into a socket on the end of the scapula called the glenoid fossa. The axis around which movement takes chapter 2 joint anatomy and basic biomechanics figure 22 a, midsagittal plane.
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